Sodium Gluconate USP

Sodium gluconate (Molecular Formula C₆H₁₁NaO₇ ) is a sodium salt of gluconic acid, which is derived from glucose through a simple fermentation process. It is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water (Solubility: 590g/L at 25C). 

In pharmaceutical applications, Sodium gluconate is often used in Large Volume Parenterals (LVP) and serves various purposes:

1. Electrolyte Agent: In Large Volume Parenterals, Sodium gluconate provides sodium ions (Na⁺), which are essential for maintaining electrolyte balance in the body. Sodium is one of the key electrolytes responsible for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. In LVPs, it helps replenish sodium levels in the body, especially in situations where there is a deficit due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, or other medical conditions.
   
   
2. Buffering Agent: Sodium gluconate can effectively act as a buffering agent due to its ability to maintain a stable pH level in parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. 
   
   • pH Regulation: Sodium gluconate possesses buffering capacity within a specific pH range, typically around pH 6 to 8, making it suitable for many pharmaceutical applications where this pH range is desirable.
   • pH Stability: It helps to resist changes in pH by neutralizing acidic or basic compounds that may be present in the formulation. This ensures that the pH remains within the desired range, which is crucial for maintaining the stability and efficacy of the pharmaceutical product.
     
     

3. Compatibility: Sodium gluconate is compatible with many other pharmaceutical ingredients commonly found in Large Volume Parenteral formulations. Its compatibility ensures that the solution remains homogeneous and does not precipitate or form insoluble complexes. 
   
   
4. Excipient: Sodium gluconate can be used as an excipient, a substance added to a pharmaceutical formulation to improve its properties. It can enhance the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of therapeutics.